Ma Yun was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1964. One of the main founders of Alibaba Group, Chairman and CEO of Alibaba Group, Chairman and Non-executive Director of Alibaba Company, Director of Softbank Group, Chairman of Yahoo China Board of Directors, Member of Business Advisory Committee under Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Dean of Alibaba Business School of Hangzhou Normal University, Director of Huayi Brothers Media Group, and distinguished professor of Beijing Huaxia Management College.

　　In 1988, he graduated from Hangzhou Normal University (now Hangzhou Normal University) majoring in English, and then taught at Hangzhou Dianzi University. In 1995, when I visited the United States, I first came into contact with the Internet. After returning to China, I founded the website "Yellow Pages of China". In 1997, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of China, and was responsible for developing its official website and the online trading market of China products.

　　Entrepreneurial course:

　　1988 -1995 Lecturer in English and International Trade at Hangzhou Dianzi University;

　　In 1992, he started his business for the first time and established Haibo translation agency.

　　In 1995 -1997, the first Internet business information publishing website in China, "China Yellow Pages", was founded.

　　From 1997 to 1999, he joined the China International Electronic Commerce Center of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation to develop the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and the online China commodity trading market;

　　In 1999, he officially resigned from public office, founded Alibaba website, and developed e-commerce applications, especially B2B business. At present, Alibaba is one of the largest B2B websites in the world. The success of Alibaba’s website has enabled Ma Yun to be invited to give lectures at many world-renowned institutions of higher learning, including Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University.

　　In October 2000, he was named one of the 100 "future leaders" in the world in 2001 by the World Economic Forum.

　　In 2001, the American Asian Business Association selected him as the "Business Leader of the Year" in 2001;

　　In May 2002, he became the cover of Nikkei, Japan’s largest financial magazine. Nikkei magazine spoke highly of Alibaba’s contribution to Sino-Japanese trade. "Alibaba has reached a balance of payments and become the pride of the entire Internet world. Since China joined, the Japanese market has gradually warmed up, and a large number of Japanese companies have turned their attention to Alibaba and placed strong interest and hope on her.

　　Established an independent third-party electronic payment platform in 2003, and now it ranks first in China market.

　　In December 2004, he won the Top Ten Economic Person of the Year Award.

　　In 2005, it strategically cooperated with Yahoo, the world’s largest portal at that time, and merged all its assets in China, so Alibaba became the largest Internet company in China.

　　Since 2006, he has become the most distinctive and influential judge of CCTV 2 Win in China, and also used Yahoo China and Alibaba to provide a platform for the official website of Win in China. Provide a platform for millions of entrepreneurs.

　　In August 2007, Alibaba launched the marketing platform "Ali Mama" with online advertising as a winning project. Alibaba attracted a large number of small and medium-sized webmasters to join with the low-end threshold of payment.

　　In 2008, Alibaba implemented the policy of advertising three guarantees, which set off waves again.

　　In March 2008, Mr. Ma Yun was selected as the 30 Best Chief Operating Officers of Barron Financial Weekly in 2008.

　　In July 2008, Mr. Ma Yun won the 10th Entrepreneur Award in Japan. In the past, this award was only given to entrepreneurs in Japan.

　　In September 2008, Mr. Ma Yun was selected as one of the 25 most influential figures in the Internet industry by American Business Weekly. He is also the only China entrepreneur on the list.

　　On October 31, 2008, Alibaba Co., Ltd. and Hangzhou Normal University jointly established Alibaba Business School of Hangzhou Normal University, and served as a director.

　　China’s "Father of the Internet"

　　In a sense, the entrepreneurial history of entrepreneur Jack Ma is also the development history of China Internet.

　　In April, 1995, Ma Yun, who had just turned 30, devoted himself enthusiastically to the rising Internet wave and founded the first real commercial website in China-China Yellow Pages. At that time, Yahoo, which was praised by the Internet industry as the "originator of mountains", was just founded less than a year ago; At that time, China mainland had not yet opened a dedicated internet access; At that time, Zhang Shuxin, who was famous in the industry because he founded the once-famous but short-lived "Yinghaiwei" company in the future, was rushing around the "yamen" in Beijing for government approval.

　　A few years later, when people re-studied the history of Internet development in China, Ma Yun, an entrepreneur who had experienced many vicissitudes, won the laurel that should have belonged to him-China, the "father of the Internet". Strangely enough, it is quite different from the attitude of Chinese people. In the west, most people call Jack ma (the English name of Jack Ma) China’s "Mr.Internet" ("the father of the Internet").

　　However, for Ma Yun, who has always been indifferent to fame and fortune and "doesn’t care about what others think of him, but only cares about how he sees the world", he doesn’t need to be happy or sad about whether he can "clear his name", because history has given him enough opportunities to prove it.

　　At the end of 1997, Jack Ma, forced to part ways with China Yellow Pages, formally joined the China International Electronic Commerce Center (EDI) under the invitation of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. During this period, enthusiastic Ma Yun led his team to develop a series of sites, such as "Online China Commodity Exchange Market", "Online China Technology Export Fair", "China Merchants", "Online Canton Fair" and "China Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation", which were visited by leaders of Li Lanqing, Wu Yi and other countries. Among them, "China Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation" was the first real government site among the major ministries and commissions in China, and "Online China Commodity Exchange Market" was even praised as "the never-ending Canton Fair" by Comrade Shi Guangsheng, then Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.

　　In 1999, in the tide of the times when the whole world was crazy about ".COM fever", under the mainstream internet pattern of Yahoo, eBay and Amazon, the "alternative" Ma Yun shouted the slogan of "only catching crayfish", held high the banner of "being the redeemer of small and medium-sized enterprises" and opened up a new field-B2B of small and medium-sized enterprises. Since then, after Yahoo, eBay and Amazon, a brand-new "fourth mode"-Alibaba mode has appeared on the world Internet map. Before entrepreneur Ma Yun, China enterprises and entrepreneurs who were accustomed to the total westernization and large-scale import of European and American economic models had never been so proud on the big stage of the new world economy as they are today.

　　Ma Yun was the first entrepreneur to develop e-commerce applications in China and stick to the Internet field. He and his team created many firsts in Internet commerce in China, determined to make the best site in the world for China people. He is the first entrepreneur in Chinese mainland to appear on the cover of Forbes, an authoritative international financial magazine. The famous World Economic Forum selected him as one of the top 100 "future leaders" in the world in 2001.

　　Alibaba, founded by Ma Yun, is praised by domestic and foreign media, Silicon Valley and foreign venture capitalists as one of the five representatives of Internet business schools on a par with Yahoo, Amazon, eBay and AOL. Its establishment promoted the establishment of commercial credit in China, and created unlimited opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises in the fierce international competition, "so that there is no hard business in the world".

　　Harvard University twice included his and Alibaba’s management practices as MBA cases. In the second MBA management case of Alibaba released in January 2002, Harvard quoted Ma Yun’s explanation of Alibaba’s core values. "Ma Yun believes that the value of Alibaba lies not in the number of views per day, but in whether it can bring value to customers." In order to show the recognition of Alibaba’s rapid development.

　　Alibaba was twice selected as one of the best B2B websites in the world by Forbes, an authoritative financial magazine in the United States, and was repeatedly rated as the most popular B2B website in the world, an excellent business website in China, a hundred excellent websites in China and the best trading network in China by relevant institutions. Since the establishment of Alibaba, more than 400 famous news media in more than a dozen languages around the world have never stopped reporting on Alibaba, which has been praised as a "real world-class brand" by the media.

　　Taobao, a personal auction website founded by Ma Yun, has successfully embarked on a unique road of localization in China, and has become the largest personal auction website in Asia since the first quarter of 2005.

　　When people talk about the development of Internet in China for more than ten years, they have to mention the entrepreneur Jack Ma, and it is impossible to avoid the existence of this "ghost". He is an unshirkable pioneer and "godfather", but also a subversive and "rebel" full of the spirit of change.

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Special feature of 1905 film network In the past two years, we can see movies from all over the world on the big screen, from Aamir Hussain Khan to Thailand, and from Japan to Spain. These movies are more and more popular in the mainland.

However, movies from one country are introduced almost every year, but the popularity is not as good as the above, that is, movies from neighboring Russia.

Russian films failed to explode in China, and none of them broke 100 million yuan.

On the whole, there are many kinds of fighting national films imported from the mainland. From science fiction and magic to action love, we have seen almost every theme in the cinema. But it must be said that the influence of Russian films in China is far less than that of the old Soviet films in the last century.

Let’s look at the performance of Russian movies from the box office results first. At present, the top ten Russian films released in China are as follows:

　

(Note: The box office in Russia is in rubles and converted into RMB)

And in Russia, the domestic film box office ranks in the top ten:

(Note: Because the exchange rate of Russian coins changes greatly, the version used in the box office ranking of film history is in rubles. Finally, it is converted into RMB for display. )

The ticket price for watching a movie in Russia is about 300— Between 400 rubles, converted into RMB, it is about 30-40 yuan, and there is little difference in movie ticket prices between the two countries. From the box office ranking, there are only two films that overlap in these two lists, Stalingrad and Ghost in Fire, but in fact, Viking: The Battle of Kings and The Fall of Moscow are also released in China. These four films have been shown in China in a scuffle with many films. The first two films are mainly about action, while the last two films are mainly about history and science fiction.

Judging from the top ten films in China at present, the action and fantasy themes in Russian films are more popular with mainland audiences. At present, the box office trend of Stalingrad, which has the highest box office, is higher in the first three days, and reaches its peak on the third day, but the heat is not more than three days.

　

These films, Space Rescue, Fire and Lingyun, and He is a Dragon, also encountered the same "dilemma". Scheduling is also often squeezed by films of the same period — — "Space Rescue" is a typical example. In the same period, the "left-right attack", only 6.9% of the films were arranged on the first day, accounting for 2.6% of the box office, and almost no films were arranged in less than a week. .

　

It can be said that the release of Russian films in the mainland does not have the advantages of Hollywood blockbusters, nor does it last as long as the experience of word-of-mouth fermentation in Indian films, and its fate is relatively bumpy. One of the most important reasons is the cultural differences. Many Russian films are concerned about their own historical wars, which are far from the historical and cultural background of China audiences and cannot resonate.　

　

Viking, which tells the story of Vladimir I, did not perform well in the mainland.

The Flower Slippery Queen, which was released in Russia this year, has now rushed into the top ten box offices in Russia, and set a box office record for the first week in Russia, and is also the box office champion in 2018 so far.

The film was released in the mainland on March 30th. In the film "The Flower Slippery Queen", there are many passages that show the changes of the protagonist’s life through aria, such as the heroine’s life in boarding school and the process of rehabilitation training later.

　

However, the original 113-minute duration of the film was cut to 89 minutes. According to the staff of the film, the cut of the film is precisely this type of paragraph, that is to say, at least six original singing paragraphs in "The Queen of Flowers". The reason for this is that the audience of song and dance passages in the mainland is relatively narrow, and the acceptance is not as high as other themes such as action.

In fact, musical films have been introduced to the mainland, but the results are not very good. The previous Oscar hit films earned 247 million yuan at the box office, but at the same time, they also encountered the phenomenon of word-of-mouth and box office upside down. Many of the singing passages in "The Queen of Flowers Slipping" will make most audiences flinch, especially in Russian movies which focus on war action. This genre is not outstanding enough. It is easier for many viewers to reduce this part of the content without affecting the understanding of the plot.

The change of Russian film style gradually caters to Hollywood aesthetics.

When it comes to Russian movies, we will naturally talk about the former Soviet Union. Before the disintegration of the Soviet Union, film has always been a pillar industry of the economy, and the film development of the former Soviet Union and Russia is closely related to the current domestic situation.

In the 1930s and 1940s, movies tended to be about revolutionary construction. In the 1950s and 1960s, they paid attention to the lives of ordinary people, and the types became more and more abundant. In the 1970s and 1980s, they mainly focused on military, patriotic and political themes. Before and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, films reflecting history and social reality reappeared.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the economy collapsed, but Russian films are still an important inheritor of the film tradition of the former Soviet Union. However, for a long time, most Russian-made films were rarely shown in cinemas. Instead, commercial films from other countries occupied a large number of Russian cinemas.

The main reason is that American commercial films are easier to make money than Russian-made films, and a series of films like "Star Wars" in The Avengers have far surpassed domestic films at the box office in Russia. In addition, the quality of most Russian films is actually not good, and there are not many audiences. Many films are sold directly to TV stations to avoid losses after shooting.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the number of people engaged in the film industry plummeted by 200,000, and the annual output was only 20-30. After more than ten years of slow development and policy support, the situation of Russian films has gradually improved, which is mainly divided into three aspects.

First, domestic films began to learn from Hollywood and cater to Hollywood aesthetics, such as "Death Subway" and other films; First, a series of classic old films such as Stalingrad have been remake; There are also a large number of domestic filmmakers whose works have returned to the society to point out the symptoms, and their realistic style has helped them win awards in the world.

At present, many Russian films made in China are not shown in other countries. On the contrary, realistic films are more popular in the world, but these films are not selling at home.

The film style of the former Soviet Union has far-reaching influence, and the film festival has won numerous awards.

Nowadays, internationally renowned Russian films are more influenced by the films of the former Soviet Union. The former Soviet Union, a master director born in history, is not a minority, and Sergei Eisenstein, as we know him, is a pioneer of world movies. At the same time as Eisenstein, lev kuleshov, Vsevolod Pudovkin and dziga vertov all made great contributions to the world film theory.

Remember the montage that Xiaogang Feng once mentioned when he scolded film critics? Eisenstein is a representative of Montage School, and he is also the father of Russian film. As a master of montage style, his works such as alexander nevsky have raised the film art to an unprecedented height.

　

Later, several well-known movie master were born in Russia, namely Eldar Ryazanov, nikita mikhalkov, alexander sokurov and andrei tarkovsky. However, the works of these directors are rarely shown in the mainland, and most of them are shown during the Beijing and Shanghai film festivals.

Riazanov is a master of comedy, and his Song of the Cavalry has its own unique style, which pays attention to the life of ordinary people and makes people see the essence behind the comedy. How hot is he in Russia? "Everyone knows" is enough to describe him.

It is worth mentioning that The Story of the Office was shown in China in 1985, and the response was extremely enthusiastic. Shi Hang once commented on the director as "we are Chekhov of the times". Another of his works was shortlisted for the main competition unit of Cannes Film Festival.

Director nikita mikhalkov is known as the Russian Steven Allan Spielberg. His films are characterized by criticism of social problems, humanistic care, exploration of film art and varied techniques. Among his masterpieces, he won the Golden Lion Award at Venice Film Festival, nominated for the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film, and won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film and the Cannes Film Festival Jury Award.

In addition, he has also filmed The Barber of Siberia and the classic remake 12 Angry Men: The Grand Judgment. He has been active in the international film industry and served as the chairman of the jury of Beijing International Film Festival and Berlin Film Festival. And in the forefront of Russian film charts, "Fighting for the Front" and "Fire in the Sea" are all produced by him.

Andrei tarkovsky can be said to be a very important director in Russian film history. His film language is like a poem, the theme is often very grand, but the narrative is very heavy, but the content expressed is evaluated by ingmar bergman, a Swedish movie master as "creating a brand-new language loyal to the nature of the film, capturing life like a mirror image and a dream." Of course, this shooting technique and perception have something to do with Tarkovsky’s own life, not to mention his father is a poet.

All the films directed by Tarkovsky won different awards at Cannes Film Festival, while they won the Golden Lion Award at Venice Film Festival. These films all have distinct author’s film style, which is highly speculative in philosophy.

The director alexander sokurov’s long-shot shooting and the attention of the film theme are generally considered as the inheritors of Tarkovsky’s spirit. At the same time, he is also the darling of three major European film festivals, and his works Moro God, Pressure Shanna and Louvre under German occupation are all shortlisted.

The attention to the real social problems and the unique director style in these master works have always influenced the subsequent Russian film works. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the development of films was not as good as before, and there were still some directors who insisted on the special care of Russian films despite the poor quality of domestic films.

Among them, andrey zvyagintsev didn’t start directing movies until after the Millennium, and the number of his works is small, but it can be said that all the ministries are excellent. The debut film "Return", which focuses on the relationship between father and son, won the Golden Lion Award at Venice Film Festival in one fell swoop, and won the award in Cannes, which tells the contradiction between the individual and the government. It is also a popular film in this award season.

In addition, Alexei Germanic and his son are also high-profile directors. Among them, George W. Aleksei German has been shortlisted for three major European film festivals for many times.

Russian film actors can’t tell the audience that they have to drink when watching movies.

For Russian movies, I believe many viewers have a confusion, that is, many actors can’t remember their names clearly, and they all look the same. So we don’t know who is particularly popular in Russia at all. In fact, we can find several figures in several films with higher box office.

For example, actor danil kozlovsky and actress Svetlana Khodchenkova in Viking: The Battle of Kings are very popular in Russia. Both of them were born in 1980s. In addition to Viking, Daniila also appeared in many works, such as Ghost in Fire, Dove Latov and so on, while Kudkinkova appeared in the films, such as Desperate Subway, Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy and so on.

However, Anna Shurochkina (), maria sharapova () and matvey lykov ("He is a Dragon") are definitely among the young Russian actors with high face value.

Of course, there are many Russian actors who are of a theatrical level, such as Andrei Myagkov in The Story of the Office, Oleg Tabakov in the film and Vladimir Mashkov &hellip in Fighting for the Front; … Every movie fan has his own PICK.

However, for most domestic audiences, Russian actors have the same name and look alike.

Speaking of actors, I have to talk about what it’s like to see a movie in Russia. Except that the ticket prices mentioned above are similar to those in China, the products sold in cinemas are similar to those in China. Only for the fighting nation, there is one commodity that cannot be lacked, and that is wine. According to friends who went to Russia to watch movies around Xiao Dianjun, some Russian audiences will go to the cinema with beer, but during the movie, the atmosphere is still good, and they will be amused by the plot of the movie and occasionally discuss it in a low voice.

So, how much do you know about Russian movies? What is your preferred Russian movie?

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　　As the most critical factor of scientific and technological innovation, the essence of innovation-driven is talent-driven. What is the scale of scientific and technological talents in China and what changes have taken place in recent years? What are the characteristics of regional distribution?

　　The Report on the Development of Scientific and Technological Talents in China 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Report) compiled by the Ministry of Science and Technology shows that in 2019, the total number of R&D personnel nationwide was 7.129 million, 1.3 times that of 2015, and the number of R&D personnel reached a new high. Among R&D personnel, R&D researchers with intermediate or above titles or doctoral degrees have also continued to grow. In 2019, the full-time equivalent of R&D researchers in China was 2.11 million person-years, an increase of 244,000 person-years compared with 2018.

　　From a global perspective, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in China has been ranked first in the world since 2013. However, the report also shows that there is still a gap between the investment intensity of R&D personnel in China and the proportion of researchers in R&D compared with the major economies in the world. The national R&D researchers account for only 43.9% of the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, and the data of major economies in the world are above 50%, and the proportion of R&D researchers in South Korea is as high as 81.5%. According to the report, the overall quality and structure of China’s scientific and technological talents need to be further improved.

　　Concentration in the eastern region

　　At present, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel is usually used as an index to compare the input of scientific and technological manpower in the world. R&D personnel refer to personnel engaged in basic research, applied research and experimental development within the unit. The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel refers to the sum of the workload of personnel engaged in R&D activities for more than 90% of the whole year and the workload converted by part-time personnel according to the actual working hours.

　　Due to the influence of resource endowment, geographical conditions and policy orientation, the unbalanced development of regional innovation ability is prominent, which is also reflected in the regional distribution of scientific and technological talents.

　　According to the report, China’s scientific and technological talents have accelerated to gather in the east and a few central cities in the midwest, mainly in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim economic circles, and the brain drain in underdeveloped areas in the northeast and west has intensified.

　　Judging from the distribution of national R&D personnel in various regions in 2019, 65.6% of the national R&D personnel are concentrated in ten provinces and cities in the east; The proportion of R&D personnel in Northeast China is the least, accounting for 3.9% of the whole country. The proportion of R&D personnel in six central provinces and twelve western provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) is 17.8% and 12.7% respectively.

　　Since 2015, the number of R&D personnel in the eastern region has increased from 2.468 million in that year to 3.149 million in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 6.3%. The growth rate has slowed down, but the increase is still ahead of other regions. The growth rate of R&D personnel in the central provinces is relatively fast, with an average annual growth rate of 7.8%, which exceeds the national average. Overall, the R&D personnel in the western region show a steady growth trend. The number of R&D personnel in Northeast China has been declining for many years, from 191,000 person-years in 2015 to 187,000 person-years in 2019.

　　Among the top ten provinces with full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, 10 provinces and cities in the east occupy the top 6 and 10 places, and the 7 th, 8 th and 9 th places are Henan, Hubei and Anhui in the middle.

　　In 2019, Guangdong’s R&D personnel reached 803,000 person-years, ranking first in the country, surpassing the sum of the 12 western provinces and 4.3 times the total of the three northeastern provinces; Jiangsu and Zhejiang followed closely, with an average annual growth rate of 12.5% on the basis of a huge base, far exceeding the national average.

　　It is worth noting that although the total number of R&D personnel in Beijing and Shanghai has not entered the top three, from the structural point of view, high-level talents account for a large number, with R&D researchers accounting for more than 50%. The full-time equivalent ratio of R&D researchers in Beijing is 66.2%, while that in Shanghai is 58.4%, while that in Guangdong and Jiangsu, which rank first and second, is 34.9 respectively.

　　The number of employees in industrial enterprises accounts for 70%

　　The distribution of executive departments of R&D personnel can reflect the distribution of subjects of scientific and technological innovation activities in China.

　　According to the report, since 2015, the R&D personnel of regulated industrial enterprises, research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning have all increased, among which the average annual growth rate of regulated industrial enterprises, research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning has reached 4.55%, 2.57% and 12.35% respectively, and the increase rate of R&D personnel in institutions of higher learning is the most significant.

　　The scientific and technological talents of industrial enterprises still have obvious advantages, which also echoes the Statistical Bulletin of National Science and Technology Investment in 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Bulletin) published by the Bureau of Statistics in September.

　　Zhang Qilong, statistician of the Department of Social Sciences and Literature of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that the role of enterprises in pulling was enhanced. In 2020, the R&D expenditure of enterprises was 1,867.38 billion yuan, an increase of 10.4% over the previous year; It accounted for 76.6% of the national R&D expenditure and contributed 77.9% to the national growth, up by 0.2 and 9.4 percentage points respectively over the previous year. Among them, the R&D expenditure of industrial enterprises above designated size was 1,527.13 billion yuan, up by 9.3% over the previous year.

　　The report also shows that in 2019, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises was 3,151,800 person-years, 7.4 times and 5.6 times that of R&D institutions and institutions of higher learning, respectively, accounting for about 70% of the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in the country. In 2015, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises was 6.9 times and 7.4 times that of R&D institutions and institutions of higher learning, respectively, indicating that enterprises are interested in R&D.

　　Like the overall distribution of provinces, the R&D personnel of industrial enterprises are mainly concentrated in the eastern region. In 2019, the R&D personnel of industrial enterprises in the eastern region reached 2,175,400 person-years, accounting for 69% of the total R&D personnel of industrial enterprises in China.

　　From the perspective of various regions, in 2019, the total number of R&D personnel in industrial enterprises in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked in the forefront, with obvious leading advantages and substantial growth; The number of R&D personnel in industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hainan, Tianjin and other places has decreased significantly compared with 2015; In recent years, R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises in Tibet, Jiangxi and other provinces have increased significantly.

　　In addition, judging from the distribution of R&D personnel’s investment in various R&D activities, China has the most R&D personnel engaged in experimental development. In 2019, the full-time equivalent of personnel in this field was 3,793,700 person-years, accounting for 79.02% of the national R&D personnel. The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel engaged in applied research is 615,400 person-years, accounting for 12.82%; The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel engaged in basic research is 392,000 person-years, accounting for 8.17%.

　　In 2019, in terms of basic research R&D personnel, basic research R&D personnel in the eastern region accounted for 6.62% of its total R&D personnel, 7.19% in the central region, 12.99% in the western region and 22.99% in the northeast region, accounting for the highest proportion. From the situation of each province, the R&D personnel engaged in experimental development in Jiangsu and Zhejiang account for 89.63% and 92.11% of the total R&D personnel respectively, reflecting that their R&D personnel are more concentrated in the industry. Cartography/Jiang Haoming