Big data of scientific and technological talents： Guangdong’s total amount is the first ＂going north＂ and there are many such talents.

　　As the most critical factor of scientific and technological innovation, the essence of innovation-driven is talent-driven. What is the scale of scientific and technological talents in China and what changes have taken place in recent years? What are the characteristics of regional distribution?

　　The Report on the Development of Scientific and Technological Talents in China 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Report) compiled by the Ministry of Science and Technology shows that in 2019, the total number of R&D personnel nationwide was 7.129 million, 1.3 times that of 2015, and the number of R&D personnel reached a new high. Among R&D personnel, R&D researchers with intermediate or above titles or doctoral degrees have also continued to grow. In 2019, the full-time equivalent of R&D researchers in China was 2.11 million person-years, an increase of 244,000 person-years compared with 2018.

　　From a global perspective, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in China has been ranked first in the world since 2013. However, the report also shows that there is still a gap between the investment intensity of R&D personnel in China and the proportion of researchers in R&D compared with the major economies in the world. The national R&D researchers account for only 43.9% of the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, and the data of major economies in the world are above 50%, and the proportion of R&D researchers in South Korea is as high as 81.5%. According to the report, the overall quality and structure of China’s scientific and technological talents need to be further improved.

　　Concentration in the eastern region

　　At present, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel is usually used as an index to compare the input of scientific and technological manpower in the world. R&D personnel refer to personnel engaged in basic research, applied research and experimental development within the unit. The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel refers to the sum of the workload of personnel engaged in R&D activities for more than 90% of the whole year and the workload converted by part-time personnel according to the actual working hours.

　　Due to the influence of resource endowment, geographical conditions and policy orientation, the unbalanced development of regional innovation ability is prominent, which is also reflected in the regional distribution of scientific and technological talents.

　　According to the report, China’s scientific and technological talents have accelerated to gather in the east and a few central cities in the midwest, mainly in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim economic circles, and the brain drain in underdeveloped areas in the northeast and west has intensified.

　　Judging from the distribution of national R&D personnel in various regions in 2019, 65.6% of the national R&D personnel are concentrated in ten provinces and cities in the east; The proportion of R&D personnel in Northeast China is the least, accounting for 3.9% of the whole country. The proportion of R&D personnel in six central provinces and twelve western provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) is 17.8% and 12.7% respectively.

　　Since 2015, the number of R&D personnel in the eastern region has increased from 2.468 million in that year to 3.149 million in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 6.3%. The growth rate has slowed down, but the increase is still ahead of other regions. The growth rate of R&D personnel in the central provinces is relatively fast, with an average annual growth rate of 7.8%, which exceeds the national average. Overall, the R&D personnel in the western region show a steady growth trend. The number of R&D personnel in Northeast China has been declining for many years, from 191,000 person-years in 2015 to 187,000 person-years in 2019.

　　Among the top ten provinces with full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, 10 provinces and cities in the east occupy the top 6 and 10 places, and the 7 th, 8 th and 9 th places are Henan, Hubei and Anhui in the middle.

　　In 2019, Guangdong’s R&D personnel reached 803,000 person-years, ranking first in the country, surpassing the sum of the 12 western provinces and 4.3 times the total of the three northeastern provinces; Jiangsu and Zhejiang followed closely, with an average annual growth rate of 12.5% on the basis of a huge base, far exceeding the national average.

　　It is worth noting that although the total number of R&D personnel in Beijing and Shanghai has not entered the top three, from the structural point of view, high-level talents account for a large number, with R&D researchers accounting for more than 50%. The full-time equivalent ratio of R&D researchers in Beijing is 66.2%, while that in Shanghai is 58.4%, while that in Guangdong and Jiangsu, which rank first and second, is 34.9 respectively.

　　The number of employees in industrial enterprises accounts for 70%

　　The distribution of executive departments of R&D personnel can reflect the distribution of subjects of scientific and technological innovation activities in China.

　　According to the report, since 2015, the R&D personnel of regulated industrial enterprises, research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning have all increased, among which the average annual growth rate of regulated industrial enterprises, research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning has reached 4.55%, 2.57% and 12.35% respectively, and the increase rate of R&D personnel in institutions of higher learning is the most significant.

　　The scientific and technological talents of industrial enterprises still have obvious advantages, which also echoes the Statistical Bulletin of National Science and Technology Investment in 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Bulletin) published by the Bureau of Statistics in September.

　　Zhang Qilong, statistician of the Department of Social Sciences and Literature of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that the role of enterprises in pulling was enhanced. In 2020, the R&D expenditure of enterprises was 1,867.38 billion yuan, an increase of 10.4% over the previous year; It accounted for 76.6% of the national R&D expenditure and contributed 77.9% to the national growth, up by 0.2 and 9.4 percentage points respectively over the previous year. Among them, the R&D expenditure of industrial enterprises above designated size was 1,527.13 billion yuan, up by 9.3% over the previous year.

　　The report also shows that in 2019, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises was 3,151,800 person-years, 7.4 times and 5.6 times that of R&D institutions and institutions of higher learning, respectively, accounting for about 70% of the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in the country. In 2015, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises was 6.9 times and 7.4 times that of R&D institutions and institutions of higher learning, respectively, indicating that enterprises are interested in R&D.

　　Like the overall distribution of provinces, the R&D personnel of industrial enterprises are mainly concentrated in the eastern region. In 2019, the R&D personnel of industrial enterprises in the eastern region reached 2,175,400 person-years, accounting for 69% of the total R&D personnel of industrial enterprises in China.

　　From the perspective of various regions, in 2019, the total number of R&D personnel in industrial enterprises in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked in the forefront, with obvious leading advantages and substantial growth; The number of R&D personnel in industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hainan, Tianjin and other places has decreased significantly compared with 2015; In recent years, R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises in Tibet, Jiangxi and other provinces have increased significantly.

　　In addition, judging from the distribution of R&D personnel’s investment in various R&D activities, China has the most R&D personnel engaged in experimental development. In 2019, the full-time equivalent of personnel in this field was 3,793,700 person-years, accounting for 79.02% of the national R&D personnel. The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel engaged in applied research is 615,400 person-years, accounting for 12.82%; The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel engaged in basic research is 392,000 person-years, accounting for 8.17%.

　　In 2019, in terms of basic research R&D personnel, basic research R&D personnel in the eastern region accounted for 6.62% of its total R&D personnel, 7.19% in the central region, 12.99% in the western region and 22.99% in the northeast region, accounting for the highest proportion. From the situation of each province, the R&D personnel engaged in experimental development in Jiangsu and Zhejiang account for 89.63% and 92.11% of the total R&D personnel respectively, reflecting that their R&D personnel are more concentrated in the industry. Cartography/Jiang Haoming