China miracle ＂Why can＂ (oral history-40 years, China is more wonderful (4))
In the 40 years of reform and opening up, China has undergone earth-shaking changes, and "Made in China" and "Built in China" are world-renowned. The picture shows the Hong Kong section of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.
Xinhua News Agency reporter Lu Xiaoyu photo
Zheng keyang
Consultant of World Socialism Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences and former deputy director of Central Policy Research Office.
Ten years ago, I led several comrades to systematically study the glorious course and valuable experience of party building in the 30 years of reform and opening up. At that time, my view was this:
The successful convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1978 marked the beginning of a new historical period characterized by reform and opening up. Thirty years have passed since then. This is the thirty years that our Party has united and led the people of all ethnic groups in China to rise up in difficulties, constantly open up a new road of China’s characteristics, create a new situation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s modernization, open up a new realm of Marxism in China, and create a miracle of national development. This is also the thirty years that the Party has made great progress on its magnificent journey, persisted in theoretical innovation and practical innovation, and constantly pushed forward the new great project of Party building.
Today, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and we stand at a new starting point of historical development to review the 40 years of reform and opening up. In many important speeches, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has profoundly expounded the historical characteristics of the 40-year reform and opening up, the background of the times, the main characteristics of the development process, the great achievements made, the China miracle created, the profound impact on the world, and incisively summarized the basic experience. During this time, the media has been promoting these important ideas of the General Secretary.
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Studying the important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, reviewing the glorious course of China’s reform and opening up for 40 years and the profound changes it has brought, and truly thinking about it and commemorating it, I think we should work hard in three aspects:
First, a realistic, comprehensive and profound understanding of the world miracle of national development created by the great revolution of reform and opening up and the miracle created in the history of human social development. Today, China still faces many problems, but it took only 40 years of struggle for a big eastern country with a large population and unbalanced development, which once lagged behind developed capitalist countries for one hundred and twenty years, to win such changes today. How remarkable it is. Recognizing this clearly will help us to enhance our self-confidence.
Entering a new era and continuing to advance towards the goal of "two hundred years", we must strengthen our confidence in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road, theory, system and culture. Each of these "four self-confidences" is derived from the Party leading the people to persist in practical innovation and theoretical innovation. Therefore, I think that we should strengthen the "four self-confidences" and add a confidence in the party. 40 years of reform and opening up, 40 years of opening up the road to Socialism with Chinese characteristics, all the achievements can not be separated from the party’s leadership and party building. Otherwise, nothing can be said.
The second is to answer a question, that is, over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, the Party has led the people to unite as one, forge ahead with perseverance, and create a miracle all over the world. Why can China? The achievements of 40 years of reform and opening-up are, of course, based on the achievements of 30 years after the founding of New China. Without the foundations of the previous 30 years, including institutional, political and material foundations, and valuable lessons, it is impossible to have the glory of the latter 40 years. The reform and opening up in the last 40 years is indeed unprecedented, comprehensive and profound, and it is a 40-year period in which the country has undergone earth-shaking changes. China, which was once looked down upon by people, and China, which some people once asserted would "fail" and "collapse", has now created a miracle of national development and its international status is getting closer to the center of the world! Why can China? Be sure to answer. Not only foreigners want to solve this problem, but many countries also want to learn from China’s wisdom and China’s plan and make good use of China’s opportunities. As far as we are concerned, it is absolutely important for us to answer this question well, learn wisdom and strength from it, improve our own quality and strengthen the determination of reform, and carry forward the past into the future in the new era, realize the Chinese dream along the road pioneered in the past 40 years, and shoulder the responsibility of the times.
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that learning history is not learning abstract and fragmented stories, but the most important thing is to cherish and remember the valuable experience of great struggles and great victories in the extraordinary historical process. People born before and after the reform and opening up are now in their thirties and forties, which is the most dynamic force in our society. They have grown up and benefited from the reform and opening up, and they will be handed down from generation to generation in the alternation of old and new generations, so as to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In order to shoulder this historical responsibility and write a brilliant life, they should not only inherit this cause, but also seriously inherit the valuable experience of China miracle "Why", especially the valuable experience of Marxism in China, and make good use of it in the new era.
三是要用世界视野、历史眼光，站在时代制高点上看待新时代中国共产党人肩负的历史使命。既要勇于和善于领导和推动改革开放这场社会主义自我完善与发展的伟大革命，又要勇于和善于自我革命、自我革新、自我完善、自我提升。四十年成就辉煌非常可贵，值得自豪，但是我们不可自满，更不能自傲。世界在发展变化，时代进步潮流势不可挡，当前面临的严峻挑战，我们党必须应对，必须更好地把领导伟大社会革命和强化自我革命结合起来，寓改造主观世界于改造主观世界的过程之中，用改造主观世界的成效推进改造客观世界的发展。成功办好内部的事情，成功应对外部挑战，都要解决好自身的问题，解决好自我革命的问题，这样我们才更有成功的把握。
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四十年来，以中国特色社会主义为主题，以改革开放为主要特征的伟大革命，深刻改变了中国，深刻影响了世界。中国改革开放成功的经验丰富得很，都很重要。对此可以多角度观察和思考。我感到，其中有一条特别重要，就是从邓小平同志发起改革开放伟大革命那时候到现在，我们党的历届中央领导，都一以贯之、坚定不移地推动马克思主义中国化的发展创新。
Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s miracle, in essence, embodies the miracle that scientific socialism is deeply rooted, flourishing and fruitful in China, and fully demonstrates its unique advantages. It is also a miracle that Marxism in China is constantly innovating and developing under the new historical conditions. This revolution, characterized by reform and opening up, is a revolution of socialist self-improvement and development, involving all fields from productivity to production relations, from economic base to superstructure. Through reform and opening up, it has promoted the transformation of social contradictions in line with its own laws of movement and achieved extensive, complex and deepening social progress and change. This social change in China is taking place in the ever-changing international environment. We insist on deepening domestic reforms to promote the expansion and deepening of opening up, and at the same time develop and upgrade internal reforms through opening up, thus ensuring the success of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause. It’s hard to do such a big thing well! Looking back on the course of 40 years’ reform and opening-up, we can see that this is inseparable from the success and innovation of our Party in adhering to and developing Marxism in China under the new historical conditions.
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?The way forward, basic principles and strategic deployment; It has become a major decision of the Party to strengthen self-construction to meet the requirements of the times and mission, to strictly manage the Party in an all-round way, and to maintain the Party’s advanced nature and purity. More importantly, the China theory of Marxism has been transformed into the common understanding and positive actions of the whole party and people, and it has become a powerful force for promoting reform and opening up and healthy economic and social development. The miracle of China’s 40-year reform and opening-up is precisely the result of adhering to and developing Marxism in China. It is precisely because of this that the party and the people have always adhered to the goal and road of the great revolution without turning and stopping, and they are not weak or afraid of difficulties in dealing with risks and challenges, so that we can solve some seemingly unsolvable problems and cross some seemingly insurmountable ditches. The most remarkable thing about the China-ization of Marxism is here.
The sinicization of Marxism in China is a long process of mutual promotion and unremitting struggle between theoretical innovation and practical innovation. It’s easier said than done. However, it turned into a miracle in China. What does this depend on? I think the key lies in the party. The deep key factor is that our party has always had a mature, strong, United and enterprising central leadership collective and a core that won the hearts and minds of the party and the people of all ethnic groups over the past 40 years, leading the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups to constantly make self-revolution and self-innovation in the great social changes, and formed a set of Marxist good ideas, methods, styles and systems.
The first one is that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that we must treat Marxism with a Marxist attitude and science with a scientific attitude. Marxism is a scientific truth, and we firmly believe it. It points out the direction and provides ideological weapons for guiding practice and developing truth. We must learn, believe and use Marxism and its theoretical innovation achievements in China, grasp the essence and essence, and combine learning with learning. Never blame Marxism for your mistakes because you didn’t learn and use them well, just like falling down on a bicycle, instead of reflecting on yourself, you blame the bicycle for being bad. When studying and applying, we should correctly grasp the complex situation and contradictory struggle in the ideological field, consciously adhere to the truth, correct mistakes, and resolutely resist and oppose the interference and infiltration of non-Marxist and anti-Marxist ideas. We should inherit and carry forward the spirit of Yan ‘an rectification in our study.
Secondly, the process of persisting in developing Marxism and realizing Marxism in China is regarded as the practice of implementation — Understanding and practicing again — The process of recognizing this line again. This is not something that can be accomplished once or several times, but an endless process of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times. Because, practice is developing, theory is developing, knowledge is developing and sublimating, and so is the promotion of Marxism in China. We should guide the new practice with the developed and sublimated theoretical understanding again and again, and then develop and deepen the theoretical understanding again and again in the new practice.
Third, we must adhere to the fundamental working line of "from the masses to the masses" to promote the China of Marxism. Marxist scientific truth comes from people’s social practice; Only by returning to people’s social practice can its truth power be displayed and the development of truth itself be realized. The Party leads the people to launch and promote the socialist self-improvement reform and opening-up, and promotes the China-ization of Marxism. From beginning to end, it insists on doing everything for the people, firmly trusting the masses, relying on them and learning from them. At the same time, it unites the masses, publicizes and organizes them, guides and leads them to make unremitting efforts to realize their own interests, and constantly promotes the modernization and popularization of Marxism. This is how China’s wisdom, China’s plan, China’s strength and China’s spirit of reform and opening up were obtained. If not, there will never be a contemporary miracle of China’s development and change.
第四是，马克主义中国化正确决策的形成和有效执行，必须有科学的组织制度来保证。中国共产党的力量，在于她是一支以马克思主义为指导、具有共同理想和奋斗目标，并在这个基础上用民主集中制组织起来、采取共同行动的战斗部队。民主基础上的集中与集中指导下的民主相结合，是马克思主义关于共产党的根本组织原则在组织制度上的中国化创新。正是凭借这个优势，激发和凝聚党心、党智、党力，来开辟中国特色社会主义道路，推进马克思主义中国化，又把中国化的马克思主义化成党的一系列重大决策，化成全党全国人民的共同行动，才能避免大的失误，才能不断攻坚克难，创造出改革开放的中国奇迹。
中国共产党的这些特有优势，在党的十八大以来几年中，得到了更充分的发扬，展现得更为耀眼，取得的成就也更大、更多、更好。
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当今世界，人民要和平、求发展、促合作、谋共赢的时代主题没有变，合力促进大发展、大变革、大调整的趋势日渐增加，各种矛盾也更加复杂多变，国际竞争日益加剧。中国进入了新时代，坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的总布局、总战略，全面深化改革，进一步扩大开放，也面临新问题，提出了新要求。机遇难得而可贵，挑战严峻而现实。越是这样，领导伟大革命的党就越要勇于和善于自我革命。
近些年来，最高领袖总书记多次强调领导伟大革命的党，一定要搞好自我革命、自我革新、自我净化。这是一个反映政党建设规律的极其重要的指示和要求。一个成功领导伟大革命的党，必须是也只能是勇于和善于自我革命的党。中国共产党从小到大、由弱到强，经历了那么多世间少见的风险、困难和挑战，能够走到今天，成为长期稳固掌握国家政权、领导人民创造世界奇迹的党，就是因为这个党坚持一贯把领导伟大革命、进行伟大斗争同勇于自我革命、自我革新紧紧联系在一起，相互促进才做到的。这也是改革开放四十年来，我们党能变得更加成熟、更加团结、更加坚强有力的重要原因和宝贵经验。
At present, the whole party is continuing to implement the Party’s 19th National Congress and the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and in accordance with the general requirements of strengthening Party building in the new era, the overall deployment will promote the comprehensive and strict management of the Party to develop in depth and extend to the grassroots. At this moment, it is very important to improve the scientific level of party building and the quality of work, and it is even more necessary to carry forward the self-revolutionary spirit of Marxist political parties and promote the great cause and the great project.
To strictly manage the party in an all-round way, we must put the party’s political construction in the first place and lead all aspects of the party’s construction with political construction. The politics that our Party talks about is Marxist politics, people’s politics and Socialism with Chinese characteristics politics. It requires party member cadres to establish correct political positions and beliefs, adhere to correct political views and directions, and improve political discernment and political sensitivity. Arming the whole Party with the achievements of Marxism in China, especially the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, is the most important and important thing to guide the Party’s construction with political construction. True learning, true belief, true use and true practice are the places that must be strengthened to do this well. With comprehensive measures, we should strengthen the political, principled and combative nature of inner-party life, form a good and lasting political ecological environment, and promote party member cadres to constantly innovate, purify, improve and improve themselves.
Effective self-revolution must have a strong sense of problems. The self-revolution of Party organizations and cadres in party member is a process of resolving and resolving contradictions. If we don’t face up to the problems and solve contradictions, we can’t make self-revolution. At present, there are still many problems in the Party that do not meet the requirements of the new era, new tasks and new great struggles. Some outstanding problems have not been fundamentally solved, some have been repeated, and some problems have been extended at the grassroots level. To effectively solve the problem, we must continue to combine the top and bottom, and the determination to strictly manage the party will remain unchanged, the standards will not drop, and the intensity will not decrease. Comprehensively and systematically combine education, supervision, encouragement and law and discipline. All these tasks must be linked to comprehensively deepening reform, expanding and deepening opening up, and promoting sustained and steady economic and social development. For their own "peace", some cadres in party member are not conscientious and responsible in their posts to varying degrees, avoiding problems and circumventing contradictions, but the relevant party organizations and leading comrades turn a blind eye to this. Why is that? There are many reasons, among which the popularity of good humanism and the resulting formalism is an important reason. These two accumulated disadvantages have done a lot of harm to promoting self-revolution. If we don’t get rid of these two problems, and the spirit of taking responsibility is weak, the self-revolution will become empty talk.
It is particularly important to emphasize that organizations and departments in charge of party building should have the spirit of self-revolution. There is a phenomenon that although some comrades in some departments often emphasize the need to have a sense of problems in managing the party, they often accuse the existence of one problem or another, but the long-standing problems in their own units or subordinate organizations have not been solved for a long time. This should be asked, what are the problems of their superiors and the departments in charge of the party? Have you solved it? Only when the superior leaders really assume the responsibility of managing the party and being brave in self-revolution, can they promote others’ self-revolution and strictly manage the party.
Of course, the revolutionary spirit needed to strictly manage the party is the unity of revolutionary and scientific. Strictly administering the Party according to such requirements is naturally a combination of strict management and enthusiasm for cadres and party member. Years of experience tell us that as long as we are selfless and fearless, fair and honest with people and practical, and fully and accurately implement the Party’s cadre policy, we can handle the merits and demerits of each comrade objectively and fairly, implement the Party’s policies and disciplines seriously and appropriately, reward the diligent and punish the lazy, reward the meritorious and punish the good and discard the bad, and use the correct policy orientation to educate and supervise party member cadres to strictly abide by the bottom line and inspire and protect their spirit of reform, innovation and courage to take responsibility. With such perseverance, we will certainly be able to create a lasting, good and dynamic inner-party political ecological environment, effectively give play to the initiative, enthusiasm and creativity of the whole party, and vigorously carry forward the spirit of courage to take responsibility, and we will be more sure of winning the great victory in the new era.
(Reporter Wei Shu, Bai Tianliang, Li Wei recorded)